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Methodology
MDF-Kamurj uses solidarity group lending methodology adapted to the Armenian context to provide affordable credit to its clients. The group guarantee mechanism replaces traditional collateral required by banks.

Why low income and why women
Reflecting our mission to help support families in Armenia, particularly those who need it most, we target our services to the lowest income entrepreneurs. Women make up the majority of our clients, as they generally have the least means and the least access to credit. Women are targeted also because they serve as the main working part of Armenian population.

Area covered
Strategic management for Social Enterprises
Strategy Analysis and Strategy Formulation Workshop
The Strategic Management for Social Enterprises workshop was facilitated by two MFC consultants with MDF-Kamurj staff in Yerevan, 27 January- 2 February 2006. The workshop was held as a part of a wider global project undertaken by Microfinance Opportunites, MicroSave, Microfinance Centre, ImpAct, MDF-Kamurj and Prizma. The goal of the project is to develop practical tools for strategic planning that would allow microfinance institutions to realize their potential as social enterprises. The tools have been developed through a participatory hands-on process in the regions of Central and Eastern Europe and the New Independent States. This partnership with local practitioners will be further pilot-tested and eventually disseminated in other regions around the world. The second session of the workshop is planned to commence in May 2006. The objective for this session is to produce a practical social enterprise guide for MFIs based on the collective knowledge gathered by the participating microfinance institutions. Currently MDF-Kamurj is designing and developing plans to branch in to new rural areas, increasing the number of clients from low-income families thorough in-depth growth, improved service infrastructure and penetrating new geographical areas. The challenge is to develop a set of products that are consistent with and protect the mission and integrity of MDF-Kamurj values. In order to address the dynamics of the financial markets in Armenia
Strategy on the market
The expansion of client businesses and the maturation of client - MDF-Kamurj relationships have generated demand for new types of products, heightened expectations about product quality and variety and underscored the need to explore how to retain MDF-Kamurj clients and attract new clients in a competitive environment. MDF-Kamurj periodically conducts market assessments and ensures that future loan products coincide with client demand.
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RURAL MARKET EXPLORATORY RESEARCH REPORT
RURAL MARKET RESEARCH REPORT
CLIENT SATISFACTION REPORT
RURAL MARKET RESEARCH PRESENTATION

MDF-Kamurj is currently developing plans to branch into new markets, such as rural areas and increasing the scale of lending to family businesses. The challenge is to develop a set of products that are consistent with and protect the mission and integrity of MDF-Kamurj values. In order to address the dynamics of the financial markets in Armenia, as well as to stay competitive in the microfinance sector, MDF-Kamurj also offers educational loans, will soon introduce individual loans to clients with a good credit rating, and will provide wider scale non-financial services like: promoting business linkages among clients, basic training on tax, accounting and business registration, etc.

New product development process
It is needless to say that incorrect and incomplete product development can jeopardize sustainable development of an MFI. In 2003 MDF-Kamurj initiated a product development process. That served as a base for management to ensure a successful decision about the roll-out of the product in its final form. New product development started with discussing the routine data and preparing the design of ad-hoc market research on its basis. Adapted MicroSave-Africa Market Research for Microfinance training was a core element in the phase. It built capacities of MDF-Kamurj in marketing, new product development and qualitative research techniques. The following are phases of the new product development process implemented in MDF-Kamurj:
  • Exploratory market research and analysis of findings Download report
  • Product prototype design
  • Concept evaluation and product prototype refinement
  • Development of lending procedures/forms
  • Staff training
  • Pilot test
  • Demand survey Download presentation
  • Scaling-up
Increasing Market Access for Micro-entrepreneurs: Exploring Fair Trade with INTEGRA, 25-Aug-2005
As the microfinance market in Armenia continues to mature, MDF-Kamurj finds itself transitioning to a more market-led approach to meet client needs. MDF-Kamurj is looking for ways to offer BDS in a larger scale to its clientele. During August 22-25, 2005, representatives from Integra Venture (Slovakia), Allan Bussard and Mirka Vacvalova, visited MDF-Kamurj. The purpose of this visit was to conduct training on BDS on Market Access (MA) and discuss the possibility of cooperation in this area. The cooperation seem to have a great impact on micro-entrepreneurs and create opportunities for MDF-Kamurj current and potential clients borrowers, particularly the ones engaged in small production and interested in better markets fro their products. As part of this visit, Allan Bussard and Mirka Vacvalova visited some of MDF-Kamurj clients. This was helpful in making rough estimation of the potential and come up with specific suggestions about the ways the cooperation could start with. Eventually, as a result of this three-day productive interaction, MDF-Kamurj and Integra have outlined the action plan and framework of cooperation.

Joint project with MFC
Focusing on Client Satisfaction and Building Loyalty:
With the increased competition in the microfinance market, being responsive to clients' needs and expectations is becoming a crucial factor for MDF-Kamurj's sustainable development. Adding depth by increasing the productivity of operations has an utmost importance for MDF-Kamurj, determined to succeed in an increasingly competitive microfinance market in Armenia. However, maintaining growth and quality portfolio can not be possible without listening to clients, learning more about their attitudes and behaviors, and regularly collecting client feedback.
To address this issue, in 2002-2004 MDF-Kamurj together with Microfinance Centre for CEE & the NIS under the financing of SEEP-Network implemented a joint project: Practitioners' Learning Program "Putting client assessment into work". The objectives of the project are as follows:
  1. Institutionalize learning from clients by developing the Client Tracking System
    The Client Tracking System (CTS) can be defined as a management tool to collect and analyze information on current and potential clients of an MFI in order to use this information in the goal of improving the MFI systems and products. The CTS design is institution specific because it is determined by MFI needs and capacities. That is why it is useful for the institution and self-operational in the long-term.
  2. Develop a new product following the complete process
    Development of innovative loan products is one of the priorities. At the same time, to our knowledge there were virtually no cases of a "correct" product development following all phases of the process: defining the problem, identifying clients' needs through qualitative research, developing product concept and refining it into prototype through quantitative research (to provide a final check of the marketability of the prototype), pilot testing and monitoring, revision and, finally, scaled up implementation. If all steps are followed, management can ensure a successful decision about the roll-out of the product in its final form.
  3. Increase customer outreach, satisfaction and loyalty through client assessment
    It is straightforward that new products derived from client assessments can attract more new clients. In this way, client assessment increases outreach of an MFI. But the emerging reality of increasing competition and a more discerning clientele necessitates a different approach. It is a quality of outreach that becomes a priority. If clients' needs are better satisfied they become more loyal to the institution. In microfinance, the value of retaining clients is particularly clear. Typically, retained customers are the ones with extensive credit history and who are accessing larger, higher value loans; whereas new customers require induction training and can often weaken the solidarity of groups. MFIs typically break even on a customer only after the fourth or fifth loan. Client assessment has a big potential to build loyalty in existing customers by seeking feedback from customers and incorporating that feedback into product design and service delivery.
  4. Enhance regional industry knowledge about the client assessment
    The project was not only focused on creating an effective system for MDF- Kamurj, but it also contributed to enhancing regional industry knowledge about the client assessment.

Client satisfaction survey
In order to assess client satisfaction by the products and services currently offered by MDF-Kamurj and client loyalty to the organization, MDF-Kamurj together with MFC (Microfinance Center, Poland) MFC conducted a satisfaction and loyalty survey among its active clients in December 2002. Over 300 respondents have been interviewed face-to-face by fifteen external independent interviewers in three program areas (Yerevan, Gyumri and Vanadzor).
The survey has shown that MDF-Kamurj is on the right path - 90% of clients are overall satisfied with products and services that the organization is currently providing. The clients particularly appreciate the quality relationship with MDF-Kamurj staff and their professionalism, convenient procedure for obtaining loans and the variety of different types of loan products. The easy access to loans, clarity of requirements and simplicity of application forms were also mentioned among those aspects, with which 97-99% of the existing clients are highly satisfied. The survey also found that clients in higher loan cycles are more satisfied, and around 73% of respondents have recommended MDF-Kamurj services to other people, illustrating the level of clients' loyalty to the institution.
In addition to the encouraging results, the survey also pointed out the areas that MDF-Kamurj will consider for further improvement. Particularly, to retain loyal clients, the most important action is to widen the range of financial services, diversification of loans and introducing new products. MDF-Kamurj has already taken resolute steps in this direction: revised its interest rates adjusting them to the market situation, revised incentives for clients in higher cycles, fine tuned loan terms and repayment frequency by introducing new loan options with 3 and 9 month terms and monthly repayment option, designed a prototype for educational loans and started market research in rural areas of Armenia to assess the demand for microfinance services.

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MDF-Kamurj client satisfaction and loyalty report, 2002

Client tracking system
Another aspect of the MDF-Kamurj strategy is related to increasing the level of client loyalty. In this regard, MDF-Kamurj has designed a new Client Tracking System (CTS), which will help to follow-up the market tends and respond to client suggestions and complains in a timely manner. Loyalty indicators, exit interviews and client monitoring information are incorporated into the CTS, and will serve as a valuable source of information for MDF-Kamurj, helping to make on time and well balanced decisions.
MDF-Kamurj uses the following research tools and techniques:
Routine tools
Demographic Socio-economic questionnaires, self-filled by clients Business/income assessment tools Drop-out reasons monitoring by loan officers and follow-up exit interviews Constant feedback from active clients
Ad-hoc tools
Market research Demand assessment surveys Client satisfaction survey Meeting with group leaders
Techniques
Focus group discussion (including MicroSave market research tools) Individual in-depth interviews Nominal group meetings Standardized questionnaires (self-filled and filled by interviewers) Desk-research
MDF-Kamurj will continue improving and diversifying its services to ensure institutional growth, client retention, and increased customer loyalty and satisfaction with all aspects of the foundation's operations.

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MDF-Kamurj presentation of findings form exit survey full
Design by Aport.am 2004